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The Home of Evolutioneers

Integral Philosophy: Founders and Pioneers of Today's Integral Philosophy and Integral Movement

Why They Are Integral?

These are the Integral Pioneers -- those spiritual practitioners and thinkers, and those political and cultural leaders who, throughout world history and in all cultures of the planet, are the forerunners of the integral worldview that is only now emerging as a cultural movement. We designate them as "integral" because they were exemplary in their ability to live from, or to articulate, the entire spectrum of consciousness -- that is, the levels of matter, body, mind, soul, and spirit. Equally important is that these pioneers of the spirit are those who were in some way deeply concerned or connected with the four "quadrants" of the kosmos (i.e., the interior and exterior of the individual and collective), or, what is simply known as the "Big Three": the self ("I"), culture ("we"), and nature ("it") -- also designated as Truth, Beauty and Goodness.

This present list of integral pioneers would then, by strict definition, exclude those who are known primarily or only for spiritual or transpersonal achievements (thus honorably eliminating some of the founders of world religions). Finally, this list of integral men and women includes those who demonstrate a strong tendency to be global or world-centric in their point of view -- even in the earlier epochs of the history of humankind.

Postmodern Integral Pioneers

These postmodern visionaries were world-centric and integral in thought and practice, able to access the entire spectrum of consciousness, and worked to unify science, philosophy and religion as a way to express or articulate a vision of the kosmos.

  • William James, American philosopher-psychologist, 1842-1910
  • Henri Bergson, French philosopher-evolutionist, 1859-1941
  • Alfred North Whitehead, English mathematician & philosopher, 1861-1947
  • James Mark Baldwin, American psychologist, 1861-1914
  • Rudolf Steiner,German occultist & social philosopher, 1861-1925
  • Mohandas Gandhi,Indian statesman-philosopher, 1869-1948
  • Aurobindo Ghose, Indian philosopher-evolutionist, 1872-1950
  • Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist, 1875-1961
  • Ananda Coomaraswamy, Indian art historian, 1877-1947
  • Aldous Huxley, English author & philosopher perennis, 1894-1963
  • Simone Weil, French philosopher & mystic, 1909-1943
  • Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, French Jesuit philosopher-scientist, 1881-1955
  • Eleanor Roosevelt, American first lady & humanitarian, 1884-1962
  • Modern "Mystical" Physicists, e.g., Einstein, Schroedinger, Heisenberg, Bohr, et al. global physicists, fl. 1920-1950
  • Jean Gebser, Swiss cultural philosopher, 1905-1973
  • Arthur Koestler,English writer-philosopher, 1905-1983
  • Abraham Maslow,American psychologist, 1908-1970
  • Martin Luther King, American statesman, 1929-1968
  • Willis Harman, American noetic philosopher, 1918-1997
  • Clare W. Graves, Developmental Psychologist (1914-1986)
  • Jurgen Habermas, German Social Philosopher (1929)

Currently Integral Philosopher-Evolutionists

  • Ken Wilber
  • Don Beck
  • Allan Combs
  • Steve McIntosh
  • David Ray Griffin
  • Frank Visser
  • Yasuhiko Kimura
  • Alan Kazlev
  • Fred Kofman
  • Brad Reynolds
  • Carter Phipps
  • Craig Hamilton
  • Andrew Cohen.

Modern Integral Pioneers

The general task for these integral pioneers operating after the rise of the European Enlightenment, but prior to the rise of postmodernity in the 20th century, was the differentiation of the Big Three, and their attempted integration in a new synthesis.

  • Leonardo Da Vinci, Italian artist, scientist, engineer, musician, 1452-1519
  • Wang Yang-Ming, Chinese Neo-Confucianist, 1472-1529
  • Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher, 1548-1600
  • Blaise Pascal,French scientist & religious philosopher, 1623-1662
  • Montesquieu,French philosopher, 1689-1755
  • Voltaire, French philosopher, 1694-1778
  • Benjamin Franklin,American statesman, scientist, writer, 1706-1790
  • Immanuel Kant, German philosopher, 1724-1804
  • Thomas Jefferson,American statesman & political philosopher, 1743-1826
  • Goethe, German poet-philosopher, 1749-1832
  • William Blake, English poet, artist, philosopher, 1757-1827
  • Friedrich Schiller, German poet-philosopher, 1759-1805
  • Georg Hegel,German philosopher-evolutionist, 1770-1831
  • Friedrich Schelling,German philosopher-evolutionist, 1775-1854
  • Ralph Waldo Emerson, American transcendentalist philosopher, 1803-1882
  • John Stuart Mill, British philosopher & economist, 1806-1873
  • Frederick Douglass, American abolitionist, 1817-1895
  • Ramakrishna, Hindu mystic & world religionist, 1836-1886
  • Vivekananda, Hindu swami & world

Pre-modern Integral Pioneers

These are forerunners of integralism who lived prior to the rise of science and the European Enlightenment, but who achieved or practiced a vision of global tolerance, universal harmony across religions and cultures, and actual integral living.

  • Imhotep, Egyptian Priest & Pyramid Architect, c. 2635-2595 BCE
  • Solomon, Hebrew King, c. 972-932 BCE
  • PreSocratics, Greek philosophers, c. 600-400 BCE
  • Confucius, Chinese social philosopher, 551-479 BCE
  • Socrates-Plato-Aristotle, Greek philosophers, 470-322 BCE
  • Alexander the Great, Greek King & World Emperor, 356-323 BCE
  • Asoka, Indian Emperor, 274-232 BCE
  • Nagarjuna, Buddhist nondual philosopher, c.150-250 CE
  • Plotinus, Alexandrian Greco-Roman philosopher, 205-270 CE
  • Neo-Platonists, 1st & 2nd CE Greek, Jewish, Persian philosophers
  • Hypatia, Egyptian priestess & scientist, 370-415 CE
  • Ibn Al-Arabi, Sufi mystics & philosopher, 560-638 CE
  • St. Maximus, Greek/Christian theologian, 580-662 CE
  • Al-Farabi, Turkish-Persian philosopher, 870-950 CE
  • Al-Ghazzali, Islamic philosopher, 1059-1111 CE
  • Chu Hsi, Chinese Neo-Confucianist, 1130-1200 CE
  • Marsilio Ficino & Giovanni Pico, Italian Renaissance scholar-philosophers, fl. 1490 CE
  • St. Theresa of Avila, Spanish nun & mystic, 1515-1582 CE
  • Akbar, Indian Emperor, 1542-1605 CE
  • Native American Chiefs & Shamans, e.g., Crazy Horse, Chief Joseph, Chief Seattle, et al. Native American leaders, fl. 1870 CE

Much of the copy of above is from www.Ikosmos.com  and the author Byron Belitsos and is used with permission.

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